Popcorn > Documentation > DotNet > Tutorial: Default Includes

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If you are unfamiliar with how to ‘project’ a data entity into another type please complete the Getting Started first.

Popcorn’s projections are very powerful, but you probably don’t want to have to specify what should be included in a response object every time.

This tutorial will walk you through the two ways you can declare default properties on your projections - while also discussing a way to include subproperties on an object by default.

First let’s start with an example! Let’s look at our intial Employee object and its projection

public class Employee
{
    public string FirstName { get; set; }
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    public DateTimeOffset Birthday { get; set; }
    public int VacationDays { get; set; }

    public List<Car> Vehicles { get; set; }
}

public class EmployeeProjection
{
	public string FirstName { get; set; }
	public string LastName { get; set; }
	public string FullName { get; set; }

	public string Birthday { get; set; }
	public int? VacationDays { get; set; }

	public List<CarProjection> Vehicles { get; set; }
}

Now, assuming you’ve mapped the projection as we’ve discussed in Getting Started let’s see what comes back from our “Employee” endpoint with no include statement

http://localhost:50353/api/example/employees

{
	"FirstName": "Liz",
	"LastName": "Lemon",
	"FullName": "Liz Lemon",
	"Birthday": "05/01/1981",
	"VacationDays": 0,
	"Vehicles": [
		{
			"Model": "Firebird",
			"Make": "Pontiac",
			"Year": 1981
		}
	]
},
{
	"FirstName": "Jack",
	"LastName": "Donaghy",
	"FullName": "Jack Donaghy",
	"Birthday": "07/12/1957",
	"VacationDays": 300,
	"Vehicles": [
		{
			"Model": "250 GTO",
			"Make": "Ferrari N.V.",
			"Year": 1962
		},
		{
			"Model": "Cayman",
			"Make": "Porsche",
			"Year": 2005
		}
	]
}

That is a lot of information, but what if we know that the standard request for employees should only include the “FirstName” and “LastName” by default, as our database may be enormous and returning all information unnecessarily is time consuming.

The answer is default properties.

Option 1: Declaring default properties on the projection

This is the recommended way to declare defaults as it is very easily maintained and makes it clear which defaults have been set. Plus, it blends seamlessly with the subproperty default include system.

Go back to your Employee projection and add the property [IncludeByDefault] to “FirstName” and “LastName”

public class EmployeeProjection
{
	[IncludeByDefault]
	public string FirstName { get; set; }
	[IncludeByDefault]
	public string LastName { get; set; }
	public string FullName { get; set; }

	public string Birthday { get; set; }
	public int? VacationDays { get; set; }

	public List<CarProjection> Vehicles { get; set; }
}

Now boot up the project and make the employees request again with no include statement.

http://localhost:50353/api/example/employees

{
	"FirstName": "Liz",
	"LastName": "Lemon"
},
{
	"FirstName": "Jack",
	"LastName": "Donaghy"
}

Much more streamlined, and we can still send a request out with ?include=[…] and access all of the properties exposed on the projection, overriding the DefaultInclude statement.

Important FYI: Derived classes will inherit their base class’ [IncludeByDefault]’s by default and can be overridden in the usual fashion with a specific ?include in a request.

Option 2: Including a DefaultIncludes string at “Map” time

You’ll remember in our Advanced Projections Tutorial we explained translations on the mappings. In addition to that functionality, you can also pass in a defaultIncludes string at the time of a mapping to include certain properties by default.

Let’s shift to the Car object and projection and see how that is applied there

public class Car
{
    public string Model { get; set; }
    public string Make { get; set; }
    public int Year { get; set; }

    public enum Colors
    {
        Black,
        Red,
        Blue,
        Gray,
        White,
        Yellow,
    }
    public Colors Color { get; set; }
}

```csharp
public class CarProjection
{
	public string Model { get; set; }
	public string Make { get; set; }
	public int? Year { get; set; }
	public string Color { get; set; }
}

As you’ve seen above with the Employee Projection, with no default includes, making a request to the “cars” endpoint will return all 4 exposed properties. Again, let us say we only care to see Make, Model, and Year by default on our returned objects.

We return to our mapping statement in Startup.cs and configure it as seen below, ignoring the translation for clarity.

mvcOptions.UsePopcorn((popcornConfig) => {
	popcornConfig
		.Map<Car, CarProjection>(defaultIncludes: "[Model,Make,Year]", config: (carConfig) => {
			...
		}

Now if we fired up our program again and made the “cars” request we would see a response like the below

http://localhost:50353/api/example/employees

{
	"Model": "Firebird",
	"Make": "Pontiac",
	"Year": 1981
},
{
	"Model": "250 GTO",
	"Make": "Ferrari N.V.",
	"Year": 1962
},
{
	"Model": "Cayman",
	"Make": "Porsche",
	"Year": 2005
}

Voila! Default inclusion complete.

Important caveat

It is important to mention that both option 1 and option 2 can’t be used at the same time on any single projection in order to help maintain clarity of design.

Default includes on subproperties

We’ve also created a “SubPropertyDefaultIncludes” property that can be put on a projection to have any subordinate object returned with a set of default properties.

Things to remember:

1. The SubPropertyDefaultIncludes will override any DefaultIncludes (be it mapped or a property) on the actual projection being referenced.
2. Just like with DefaultIncludes, the sub-entities properties can still be included in the ?include=[..[..]] statement to override the SubPropertyDefaultIncludes.

Again, we return to EmployeeProjection to see this feature in use:

public class EmployeeProjection
{
	[IncludeByDefault]
	public string FirstName { get; set; }
	[IncludeByDefault]
	public string LastName { get; set; }
	public string FullName { get; set; }

	public string Birthday { get; set; }
	public int? VacationDays { get; set; }

	[SubPropertyIncludeByDefault("[Make,Model,Color]")]
	public List<CarProjection> Vehicles { get; set; }
}

You’ll see that we added a “SubPropertyIncludeByDefault” to our Vehicles property that specifies a standard “include” format list of properties. As mentioned above, by default the “employees?include=[Vehicle]” request will return the Make, Model, and Year as that is the default set to the car projection.

Now let’s see what happens with the addition of the “SubPropertyIncludeByDefault” property.

http://localhost:49695/api/example/employees?include=[Vehicles]
{
	"Vehicles": [
		{
			"Model": "Firebird",
			"Make": "Pontiac",
			"Color": "Blue"
		}
	]
},
{
	"Vehicles": [
		{
			"Model": "250 GTO",
			"Make": "Ferrari N.V.",
			"Color": "Red"
		},
		{
			"Model": "Cayman",
			"Make": "Porsche",
			"Color": "Yellow"
		}
	]
}